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Things I Learned About My Body and Mindful Eating During Pregnancy

While we often view pregnancy as a “glowing” time, for many women the first trimester brings nausea, food aversions, and fatigue. Mom-to-be may also feel anxious during pregnancy, especially if they’ve previously experienced fertility struggles or miscarriage.

Now that you know I’m in the 2nd trimester of my pregnancy with Baby #2 & #3, I thought it would be fun to talk about what I’ve learned about my body and mindful eating during the first trimester.

MY MORNING SICKNESS VS MINDFUL EATING 

People typically think of morning sickness as throwing up in the morning. The truth is that it can happen any time or, for some unfortunate people, like me, ALL DAY. Sometimes you just have constant bouts of nausea without throwing up, I had that and it’s the worst feeling. It stays in the back of my throat and I feel like puking, but I just can’t.

In addition, during the first trimester, foods I didn’t usually crave were suddenly finding their way into my grocery cart, and foods I normally love and want to eat all the time were push to the back of the fridge. My cravings also changed more quickly than I could keep track off. One minute I was cooking lunch for my son, next I can’t even think about eating that right now.

Your body will let you know what it wants.

Pregnancy is a really amazing time to practice mindful eating because your body is going to tell you exactly what it needs. Before getting pregnant, I was in a good routine with my eating where I was still being mindful, but I didn’t have to pay quite as much attention because I generally needed food around the same time most days, and I had learned what types of foods usually felt best for me at certain times.

But things change in pregnancy. In my first trimester, I pretty much couldn’t eat or smell anything.

BUT, why am I hungry all the time?

Getting “hangry” was always something I was susceptible to, but having hangry also come paired with a face smack of nausea.

Not only did I need to eat more often (with small portion size), but it was much more urgent.

I was totally turned off cooked vegetables, difficult to eat foods high in fat like meat, water or soup fill me up and made me nausea. So, I actually lived off bran cereal with milk, crackers, lemon water, fruit smoothie, pao , etc. I was nauseous but hungry all day long, so bland foods like cereal and milk were my BFF. I was probably dehydrated so smoothie and lemon water were my go-tos. I off fatty foods for a while since these are typically harder on body to digest and I constantly burping.

Pregnancy hunger can sometimes feel chaotic and out-of-control. But it doesn’t have to be this way. The truth is mindful eating can be helpful.

Our body is fully capable of doing what it needs to do to keep us and our baby healthy, and most of all, our body can be trusted.

Mindful eating is the practice of learning to pay attention to (and honouring) your body’s natural cues in regards to food. This means nourishing your body when it’s hungry, noticing and stopping when you’re full, and honouring your cravings.

Up until now, when I am feeling hungry, I eat something. When I am getting full, I slow down, take few minutes, and decide if it’s time to stop eating.

No matter what changes your body is going through, you can learn how to dial in to exactly what your body needs and feel confident to give your body just that.

MY BODY WILL GAIN WEIGHT AT ITS OWN PERFECT PACE 

Pregnancy has been a really good lesson in surrendering to my body. Week by week, some weeks subtle and others not, my body has literally changed before my eyes. One day I would worry I was gaining weight too fast, and the next, I would worry I’m not gaining enough and that something was wrong with babies. I’ve spoken with so many of my friends and I came to realize that this is just one of the brutal realities of being a woman, not just in pregnancy when body changes come fast and furious, but pretty much all throughout the life cycle. But as I near the end of my second trimester, I’ve learned to make peace with the chaos. My body will gain weight at its own perfect pace. It may not be the precise 0.5-1 kg each and every week.

I know that for me, some weeks I gain nothing, and others I’ll jump 1 or 2 kg on the scale. But if you’re listening to your body, just know that your body is doing what’s best for you and baby and your weight will find its happy place in the end.

MY BODY DOESN’T JUST CHANGE OVERNIGHT WHEN I SKIP THE EXERCISE ROUTINE 

Before getting pregnant, I work out every day for at least 30 min to an hour. But I was just anxious at the beginning of my pregnancy that I took about 3 months off the exercise routine. Not 3 days or 3 weeks, it is 3 months. Obviously, it was all worth it. But taking that much time off kind of freaked me out. 

Would I lose all of the strength I had worked so hard to build and have to start from scratch again?

Would I gain 20kg?

Would I just fall out of the habit for good and never go back?

After first trimester, I started doing light yoga stretching and leg exercise. I keep telling myself, I have two babies growing inside me, don’t feel guilty because I took 3 months off the exercise routine. It doesn’t have to be all or nothing. Just listen to my body when I’m ready to get back on my yoga mat.

IT’S OKAY TO FEEL EMOTIONAL 

When I found out I was pregnant, I was more terrified than excited. The fear of bleeding, cramping, not hearing heartbeat, it all messes with my head in a way that no one can really understand unless they’ve been there.

Every doctor’s visits are also scary. Every time I have an appointment, I have to take deep breaths to try to stay calm and positive. I find myself constantly thinking about the babies’ movement and heartbeats. To handle fear in the moment, I am taking one day at a time and feel grateful for every day of my pregnancy, allow myself to enjoy things like a positive ultrasound or big kicks.

Now moms and moms-to-be, can you tell me, what are some of the pregnancy lessons you’ve learned along the way that have helped you through your journey? Leave me a comment below and help a fellow mom-to-be out!

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My Infertility, IVF, Miscarriage Journey & Big Announcement

今天的文章将会用中文来表达,因为这样比较能诠释我内心的情感。

THE GOOD NEWS 

你喜欢先听坏消息还是好消息呢?我想你在2021年的第一天可能已经在我的社交媒体上看到了我和你们分享的好消息,我也陆续收到很多followers 的祝福,而且还有很多人私信说很期待这篇文章的出炉。是的,你可以从缩图和标题中看出来了,我想告诉大家的好消息就是 – 我怀孕了!

二胎的备孕过程真的是一条艰辛又漫长的路,我无数次幻想着我该如何写这篇文章,和身边所有人分享这份好消息。此外,这篇文章的另一个目的除了是要记录我这5年的备孕心酸过程,我也想和大家谈谈我的不孕症和流产的经历。

看别人分享怀孕,生孩子,坐月子的文章看多了,但是网络上确实很少看到文章分享和谈论不孕和流产的话题。事实上,4-6对夫妇里就会有一对夫妻面对不孕症问题,10-20%的女性曾经有过流产经历,所以我希望此文章能给正在备孕的姐妹们一些希望和正能量 ,you are not alone! 

MY FIRST PREGNANCY 

一直长居加拿大的我在2011 年硕士毕业后,得到了一份很好的 job offer,于是就打包好行李独自一人来到了新的工作和居住环境,一个人生活。一直以来我和现任老公都是远距离恋爱,我过我的自由生活,他过他的忙碌打工日子。直到2012年的 Chinese New Year,他买了机票就这样飞了一天一夜来到了这个冰天雪地的国家,这是他第一次踏入北美洲,也是他第一次看见雪。短短的两个星期的假期,我被求婚了!

2012年12月,我回国,和他举办了一场浪漫的 Beach Wedding。

之后就开始了我们的远距离婚姻。婚后一直觉得自己还很年轻,想要在工作上进修更多,我就尽情玩乐,享受自由自在的日子。而他决定不再做打工仔,想出来创业。他把工作辞了,隔天就直飞加拿大陪伴我两个月半。

就这样,我们的第一个宝宝是在完全无预警没有做任何的planning的情况下就悄悄的来到了我们的身边。

整个孕期,生产过程,哺乳期也可以写成一篇文章!

Anyway, 2014年5月,我当妈妈啦!

MY INFERTILITY TREATMENT

一直以来,我和老公都是处在远距离婚姻,我们一年见面2次,半年一次,我们只能各自拿最多3个星期的有薪假期。一般正常夫妻,即使什么问题也没有,在自然不避孕的状态下,每个月自然怀孕的几率也大约仅为 15-25% (here, here)。所以,一年只有两次机会的我们想怀第二胎的几率是非常小的。因为第一胎是在没有任何计划的情况下怀上的,而产后的我,身体状况,体力,经期,饮食,生活作息,比任何一个人都还要正常。所以 “不孕不育” “试管婴儿” 这些字眼从来都没在我的脑海闪过。

同时,我决定哺乳儿子至少3年,把最好的和花更多时间在陪伴儿子身上,所以就算没有怀上,我们也没放在心上。

不过,当时身边许多家人朋友都陆续结婚怀孕生子。经常都被念叨:

“什么时候要生多一个女儿呀?”

“你儿子那么可爱,可以再生多一个?”

“你还不赶快趁年轻的时候,快点生,有人帮你照顾?”

“赶快戒奶,喂母乳很难怀孕的?”

“一次过生完,你就可以收工了!”

因为哺乳了将近两年多,而我似乎开始有些介意这些 “好心人” 的叮咛,有没有可能是因为哺乳的关系导致不孕?自己本身曾有贫血症状,每年都会做一次比较详细的 full body check-up。结果不出乎意料,我的 TSH level 显示异常的底,Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) 偏高,幸好的是T3和T4, 都属于正常。见了内分泌科,抽了一瓶又一瓶的血,做了 thyroid ultrasound,最后医生说,有可能是 Hashimoto’s disease? 等孩子戒奶了,这些指数可能会慢慢回归正常。但是,我的家庭医生为了安全起见,我每一个月都要抽血monitor我的TSH level。另外,她也建议我去咨询 fertility doctor。

就这样,我半只脚踏入了 infertility treatment 的圈子。我开始上网阅读每一间 fertility centre 的文章,技术,关于IUI,IVF,ICSI 的疗程。原来这圈子的水很深,当你研究的越多,懂得越多,你就知道能够 “自然受孕”,还一年生一个的人,是有多么的幸运呀。

子宫腔内人工受精(intrauterine insemination, IUI)是指将男性精液经过人工筛选之后,选出健康的精子直接注入女性子宫颈或宫腔内,以协助受孕。此一技术使用细小的管道插入子宫颈内,在排卵时注入精子,以便让精子更容易与卵子结合而受精,增加受孕成功率。过程不需手术和麻醉。

体外人工受精(In vitro fertilization,IVF)则是指分别将精子与卵子带到体外,在试管内进行受精和发育成为胚胎后再移植回母体子宫内。通常使用小盘状的培养皿,在适宜的环境下受精。当把卵子和精子均放入到同一培养皿中之后,让精子自由游动与卵子结合,并发育成为小型的胚胎,胚胎在培养箱中一段时间后,则移回母体子宫内着床怀孕。

卵细胞浆内单精子显微注射(Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection, ICSI)是一种人工辅助受精技术,将精子直接注入卵子中以形成受精卵,也是人工辅助受孕的一项科技,特别是有助于男方精子缺陷或精子不够活跃所造成的不孕症,或者曾经使用过IVF技术辅助受孕却不成功的案例。因为透过IVF技术治疗时发现,虽然将精子与卵子放在同一培养皿中,仍存在精子无法穿破卵子外壳而实现受精的情况,可能是精子本身不够有力或质量偏低,精子前冲力道不足,也可能来自女方卵子外壳过厚,导致精子无法穿破。因此使用ICSI能辅助精子穿透卵子外壳。首先在显微镜下选出最健康优质的单精子,并使用非常细小的玻璃管刺穿卵子外壳,将单精子注射进入卵子中。这一辅助受精技术可大幅度提升受精率,也使试管婴儿受孕方式的成功率获得提升。

除了low TSH level 的问题之外,我也做了HSG X-Ray,检查结果显示我右边的输卵管 “好像” 堵塞了,因为无法在X-Ray里看到造影剂流入到右边的输卵管。最后,医生给的建议是既然你之前能够自然受孕,经期正常,身体状态良好,左边的输卵管运作正常,那么就尝试吃排卵药。

子宫输卵管造影(hysterosalpingography,HSG)是针对输卵管和子宫的一种特殊X光检查。医生会将细导管穿过子宫颈插入子宫,然后注射特殊的对人体无害的不透射线造影剂染料,通过这种造影剂医生可以看出整个输卵管的通畅程度、堵塞的部位和宫腔的形态。

想要怀孕是两夫妻的事。当然,我老公也误打误撞的和我一起踏入了这个圈子,他也去做了精子检查。报告显示精子浓度正常 (concentration),只是精子异常 (morphology) 和活动力不足 (mortility), 属于中度弱精症。因此,Dr. A (Fertility Doctor) 建议我们可以尝试吃排卵药,打排卵针或尝试人工受精。我们接受了医生的建议,我一共吃了4个cycle 的 FEMARA® (letrozole) 5mg。

大部分患有弱畸形精子症的原因不明确,需要多个方向 (生活作息,药物,饮食) 综合治疗。老公的生活作息一项良好,不烟不酒,不熬夜,不挑食,只是偶尔中午没吃 (工作太忙)。经过一番饮食调理,2018年夏天,我们选择了IUI疗程。在疗程进行前,我也去了当地来自中国的中医师做针灸。

IUI对年龄在35岁以下的女性平均成功率为每周期的10至20%。 35岁至40岁的女性为10%成功率,40岁以上的女性则有 2%至 5%的几率。但是,成功率主要取决于精子质量和受孕女性的子宫健康状况,许多研究证实接受大约三到四个周期IUI疗程有更高的成功率。

护士帮忙施打排卵针

很可惜,第一次的IUI疗程没有成功。

由于 Dr. A 只负责 IUI treatment。于是,家庭医生又refer 我到另外一家fertility centre 做咨询。疗程讲解,抽血,ultrasound,可以做的都做了。这次的fertility doctor – Dr. S 在验血检测里多加了一样就是 AMH (anti-mullerian hormone) (here)。

抗苗勒管激素 AMH浓度是评估女性的卵巢储备和受孕能力的重要指标,这项检测对计划怀孕或继续治疗不孕的女性非常重要。AMH是女性卵巢卵泡产生的荷尔蒙,分泌於卵泡初成形之时;若卵巢卵泡数目越多,血清中的AMH值越高;反之,若卵巢卵泡越少,AMH值就越低,因此透过AMH值可评估卵巢的卵泡库存量。

AMH值低于5属于低水平,数值超过15为高水平,数值落在两者之间则属于中等 (here)。

我的AMH 指数是 13.2 pmol/L,医生说如果要进行 IVF疗程,她希望AMH可以在14 以上。同样的,由于老公本人不在加拿大,要 sign up IVF 疗程,必须两人同行,还要报名上一些辅导课程。医生还是给了同样的建议,先尝试排卵药,于是我又吃了4 个cycle的 Clomid。

半只脚在这个飞也看不到尽头的不孕圈,感觉很孤单,很无奈,很无助,很沮丧。在此时,我已经把自己和不孕症画上了等号。从一开始天真的以为 “自然受孕” 是那么的简单,到今天经历了那么多的打针吃药,检查的轮回,大姨妈还是每个月都准时到访。那种失落感无人问津。

当一个极度想要怀孕却总是每个月看到白板的人,这个时候只要一打开自己的社交媒体账号,朋友圈里的所有朋友都好像同一时间怀孕;只要一走在shopping mall一定会看到经过你身边的每一个人都是大肚婆;在工作上每个星期都会接到关于prenatal and postnatal care 的referral cases;就连身边已年过40岁的两个朋友本来就不打算怀孕生小孩的也怀孕了!这个时候,我的世界只有我一个人,天天都在问自己到底那里出错了!

MY IVF JOURNEY

可能因为自己是理科生,看过无数关于卵子+精子受精的影片,所以一直以为吃一吃排卵药,把卵子养大,打个排卵针,再来把精子处理一下,那么一定会中的!

但是,我和老公从来没有中大奖的命,就连安慰奖也没份儿。

2019年2月,我拿了2个月半的假期回国。在决定回国前,老公已经到几间 fertility centre 去听课也 survey 了费用。回来后,我带着一份份厚厚的体检报告来到了 fertility centre 见 Dr. H。医生给我的诊断结果是 “unexplained infertility”。因为一边的输卵管堵塞了,如果真的要自然怀孕,有可能需要靠点运气和漫长的等待。又抽了一瓶又一瓶的血,所有的指数,子宫内膜厚度,卵子的成长大小都很理想,医生建议不如这个cycle再试试看吃排卵药,打排卵针和直接进入IUI 疗程。

中医VS西医

中医和西医在 infertility treatment上的差别挺大的,中医讲求的是将体质调好,辅助血液循环,提高卵泡的质量以及改善子宫内膜的环境。西医的强项是诊断不孕的原因,能在各种仪器的辅助之下,提供不同的方式协助女性怀孕 (服用排卵药,打促排卵针,调理荷尔蒙失调问题等)。

做了一些 research 后,我决定在进入IUI 疗程前,再尝试多一次针灸疗法来增加受孕几率。毕竟,当时在加拿大咨询的中医师并不是专注于助孕疗程。

针灸真的有用吗?我有吃中药吗?

首先,我咨询过 Dr. S 和 Dr. H,两个医生都没有明确的说不建议或不鼓励,他们处于中立态度,完全取决于我的budget和我的时间。我也翻阅了一些研究报告,在临床研究上,针灸确实能辅助子宫血液循环。不过,我也曾听过一些国内的 fertility doctor 是不鼓励中医疗法也会督促在进行疗程的女性不要乱吃中药以免影响疗程效果。

但是,我还是想要做最后的尝试,毕竟在国内确实有几间不错的助孕中医诊所。为了配合IUI 疗程,我几乎天天到中医馆针灸和服用中医师给的药粉。只要你和中医师说明自己正在疗程中,中医师都会配合西医的疗法。由于我对国内的交通路线不熟悉,所以不管到什么地方都是由老公亲自接送。老公没有任何怨言也很愿意配合我的时间。医师人很亲切,整个针灸过程都让人很放松。

第二次的IUI疗程,我们还是没有成功。

2019年3月正式踏上试管之路

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

IUI失败之后,我们回到诊所咨询 Dr.H 后,决定要选择IVF 疗程。回家的路上,我问老公:“你觉得我需不需要再回到中医馆去针灸呢?老公给我的回答是:“如果你觉得压力很大,每天要这样赶上赶下,就不要回去了,我们就听医生的指示,该休息就休息,该打针就打针”。于是,我没有回去接受针灸调理。

促排+取卵

打了10天的针。我对针筒并不会感到害怕,所以全程都是自己打针,儿子在一旁鼓励和观看,老公则躲的远远的。

药物:吃的,塞的,打针的。
取卵前
取卵后

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

取卵手术需要全身麻醉,晚餐后就要 fasting 了。当天一早梳洗完毕,就出发到诊所去了。Dr.H 在取卵过程中也顺便帮我子宫里小小的息肉 (polyp) 也一起割走了。

通常取卵手术后,会容易有卵巢过度刺激综合症(OHSS),具体表现为腹胀,腹水,严重的会全身水肿。因此在术后,护士会建议患者多喝运动饮料 (如100Plus),多吃高蛋白的食物等,避免辛辣,油炸和甜食。我的 OHSS 的症状不是很明显。休息了几天,等待诊所的电话。

卵巢过度刺激综合症 OHSS (Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome) 是IVF 的主要并发症之一,因为排卵药物促使过多卵泡发育,但这并发症是可以治疗的。

一共取了21颗卵,有19颗mature eggs同时也做了ICSI。一共有9颗成功受精,能成功让胚胎师决定留下来的只有4颗胚胎。

Day3: 2颗 8 cells grade 2

Day 5: 1颗2BB,1颗3BB

我们决定下一个cycle 就做 FET (Frozen Embryo Transfer)。我选择植入2颗Day 3 的胚胎。植入后的四天,我就直接飞回加拿大工作了。一个星期后的验孕结果是:

隔天我马上到家里附近的 walk-in clinic 见医生,要求做HCG test, 为了确保HCG 有翻倍,放工后,我都到验血中心报道,我一共抽了3次血:

Test 1: 2366 IU/L

Test 2: 3261 IU/L

Test 3: 6596 IU/L

从看见验孕棒 positive 的那一刻起头脑就涌现出许许多多的画面和计划,心里是又兴奋又紧张,感觉像是在做梦一样。

验了3次HCG test,一星期后又用了另一支验孕棒验多一次,确保这一次是真的成功,不是在做梦。指数那么高,会不会是双胞胎呢?内心其实很不踏实,因为真的太久没有看过 positive result了。

MY MISCARRIAGE STORY 

到了大约8-9 weeks 时,我带着忐忑不安和期待的心情去做 dating ultrasound。在房间里sonographer 照了很久很久,我不敢发出任何声音但又很想知道到底有没有双胞胎。结果 sonographer 让我去上厕所,要做阴超。上厕所时,我心里一直在祈祷。在做阴超的时候sonographer 还是一样的安静,照了很久很久,整个房间的气氛很奇怪很凝重,我开始有点不安。结束后,她让我换上衣物,然后对我说:“对不起,我们没有听到宝宝的心跳,胚胎的大小刚好停留在8 week 3 days (正是我做ultrasound 的前一天),你需要尽快咨询你的家庭医生”。

当下,我的脑袋是一片空白的,一时之间不知道如何反应过来,“没有心跳” 是什么意思?验孕棒不是 positive了吗?HCG 很高呀?在回家的路上,我一面开着车,一面留着眼泪,一直不断的回想,前一天我做了什么,吃了什么,是因为什么原因导致宝宝没有心跳?回到家我整个人瘫坐在床边,一面哭,一面上网查询 “when can we hear baby’s heartbeat?”

接下来的一个星期,只能用 “煎熬” “痛苦” 来形容。我需要一面装着若无其事的样子上班,一面要坚信一个星期后能听到宝宝的心跳声。每一次上厕所都一定检查有没有出血症状,有没有肚子痛。日子过的非常模糊,就这样昏昏噩噩的过了一个星期。

第二次的ultrasound 结果还是显示宝宝没有心跳。Sonographer 完全没有让我看影像,之后radiologist 进来和我解释检查结果。接着到诊所会见家庭医生,医生向我解释了流产迹象和几种不同的流产程序。我强忍着泪水离开诊所,一个人呆坐在车里,眼泪一直流。因为我完全没有任何流产的迹象,医生说我可以等宝宝自然排出体外 (可能需要1-2星期) 或可以尝试用药,暂时先不需要入院做人工流产。这时我的整个世界是崩溃和黑暗的。

老公知道消息后,马上定了机票飞过来加拿大。而我也和老板说了自己的情况,请了两个星期的小产假。因为只有两个星期的病假,我只能选择用药,但在用药的前一天,已经有一些些出血现象。两个星期的小产假,我除了哭,一直都在回忆着这两个月的所有画面,我做了什么,吃了什么。我的心情就好像坐过山车一样,上上下下,突然被狠狠的抛出车外,这一摔,很痛很伤。

2nd TRANSFER & 2 WEEKS WAITING PERIOD 

我曾经天真的以为只要验孕棒出现两条线,就代表你成功了!经历过这次的流产事故,我深深体会到女人能够从孕育一个新生命开始到把一个健康的宝宝带到这个世界上来,是多么的不容易。许多研究发现,流产其实并不罕见;每100名怀孕的女性,就有15人有过流产的经验 (here)。

根据统计,流产发生几率大约在12%~15%之间,其中又以妊娠13周前发生的早期流产最常见 (here)。

休息几个月后,我要求再做多一次 HSG X-Ray。这次 HSG X-Ray 显示,我两边的输卵管是通的。这让我又燃起了 “自然受孕” 的期望。

2019年12月,我决定把事业的中心放在 Simple Balance Nutrition,于是我把工作辞了,回到马来西亚,想给自己一个假期,同时多陪伴家人。结果遇上COVID-19 疫情大爆发,全世界都在抗疫,锁国封城。我们也只能乖乖呆在家。没错,我和很多人想的一样,这是不是上天给我的安排呢?多了和老公相处的机会,那么受孕几率也会大大增加。结果还是一样,每一个月都是失望收场。

2020 年突如其来的疫情,打乱了许多计划,但却给了我很多工作上的新挑战和机会。我本身的性格很执着而且还是个完美主义者,只要我想做的事我一定会做到101%!但是对怀孕这件事,不是我一个人可以控制的。流产后,我用了15个月的时间平抚情绪,调整自己的心态和身心,听到看到别人怀孕,脸上总是挂着一副羡慕的表情,尤其是我特别热爱自己的工作,想在 childhood nutrition,prenatal/postnatal nutrition,儿童挑食,育儿方面多做些深入的研究。

终于,2020年9月,在疫情似乎控制下来时,同时工作上的几项大project 也告一段落,儿子也回校上课了,我和老公讨论后,决定再次鼓起勇气回到 fertility centre 见 Dr. H。

备孕饮食+生活作息

在饮食调理上,我对 fertility diet 做了很多的研究,读了很多论文,该吃的备孕 supplement 照样吃。在平时的饮食上,身为饮食治疗师,一切讲究均衡,多样化,适量为主。有在follow 我 IG 的朋友们,一定知道我热爱瑜伽,我天天都一定会抽至少半小时的时间运动。

自制滴鸡精

在移植前,我也吃了至少3个月的 homemade 滴鸡精直到开奖。

这次采用的FET 疗程是以 natural cycle 进行,所以在移植前是完全不需要吃/塞任何药物。移植当天,由于疫情关系,老公完全不能进入手术室,我一个人换好衣服,躺在手术台上等待时,我看见在电脑萤幕里的两颗健康的胚胎,心里一直在默念祈祷,希望今天我可以把你们两个宝贝一起带回家。

这次我们一共移植了最后仅有的两颗 Day 5 的胚胎。移植后,开始服用Duphastan,一天两次。

为什么移植两颗胚胎呢?

其实这是我的决定。努力了那么多年,年纪也越来越大,每一个月最煎熬的就是等待验孕开奖的那两个星期,一次又一次的失望,压力大到无法形容。

上次移植了两颗胚胎没有成功,research 了很多流产和 IVF 不成功的原因,医生无法给出任何解释,有可能是精卵质量不好,染色体异常,高龄,又或者是自己没有足够的休息而导致流产的。

这一次,因为不想明年再交 freezing fee,也不想再为了生育这个问题搞得我们夫妻压力重重。干脆直接移植最后两颗胚胎。如果不成功,可能我们会从新开始新的 IVF 疗程,或认命。既然上天给了我一位那么可爱,乖巧,暖心的男孩儿,我不应该要求那么多。所以直接拼了!Dr. H 很随和,她不会给任何太过主观的意见(除非是她真的觉得不适合,她会直接和我说),她也知道我的专业,我在做任何决定前,一定是已经 research 好了,才来告诉她。当时,我和她说想要移植最后两颗胚胎的时候,她给了我很正能量的鼓励同时叮咛我有可能是双胞胎,也告知了怀双胞胎的风险!

再来说说移植后的事情,之前老是听别人说移植胚胎到子宫后不敢立马上厕所,连洗澡都不可以,怕胚胎流出来,其实这个真的不用担心。我移植完后直接就在手术台上问护士我能不能在这里躺一下,躺了大概15-20分钟,我害怕下一个要移植的妈妈要进来了,就慢动作的去上厕所排尿换衣回家。回家后在家前3天基本都是躺着多,但是吃饭会起床到楼下餐桌吃饭,不时的在客厅走走坐坐,我个人观点是没有必要一直躺着,不时起床走一下,可以促进子宫血液循环,帮助宝宝着床,3天后我就开始做一些文书处理工作,写写文章。

第二次移植和第一次移植的心态和心境有所不同。可能第一次移植时,时间太赶,压力太大,没有足够的休息,而且我还长途跋涉的飞回加拿大。这一次,一切放慢脚步,看书,写文章,看连续剧,写计划书,吃饭,睡觉,和儿子读绘本等。

就这样等到了第十天。我十分明白这两个星期对期待受孕的夫妻而言,是最难熬的过程。

在开奖的前一天,我心血来潮,因为家里多了一支普通的验孕棒,我就想说,那不然来验一下吧。其实心里很清楚,如果是白板,也不要伤心太久。老公天天都对我说:“不管结果是什么,我们只要秉持着一颗平常心就好”。我们已经尽力了,一定要放松心情。这天早上,老公和儿子已起床吃早餐,准备要去上学上班,儿子上来看一看我是不是睡醒了,顺便和我道别。而我,告诉儿子:“来,我们来做一个 scientist 的实验好不好,你帮妈咪把这个stick放入这个有尿尿的杯子里,看看会不会变颜色”。

因为有太多太多次的失败和失望。我这次真的很怕看到“白板”。一面刷牙洗脸一面等成绩,很快的,试纸显示两条线,我立马再看一下说明书,确实是有很清楚的第二条线,我告诉儿子说:“mommy 的肚子很像有baby了,不过这个是 secret,不可以告诉任何一个人哦!”

第二天,也是一样趁老公在楼下吃早餐,我又叫了儿子上来再做一次 scientist 的实验,这次用的是 ClearBlue 的 pregnancy test。看到positive的那一刻我简直难以按耐内心的兴奋,但是心里还是很害怕,拿着验孕棒下楼告诉老公后,他的第一个反应是:“怎么办,现在是怎样,等下快点打电话给诊所,看看下一步要做什么,你不要再做家务了,饭也不用煮了,你快去楼上躺着”。

发了简讯给诊所的 nurse,他们要我马上回诊所验血。下午护士打电话告诉我成绩,这次的HCG 成绩是 623.4 IU/L。指数没有上一次移植的高,我问了问护士姐姐,她说,只要是超过600 IU/L,医生就很高兴了。于是,她要我继续吃药 – Duphastan 同时开始吃 Aspirin。

MY RAINBOW BABIES 

在 week 7 day 1 时,我和老公带着很忐忑的心情回到诊所见Dr. H。我们一路上都没怎么说话,紧张的情绪完全都写在我们的脸上了。在躺上要照 ultrasound 的那张床上时,脑袋是一片空白的,我只乞求胚胎可以成功着床,可以听到宝宝的心跳。因为周数太小,所以我们照的是阴超。眼前的电视荧幕出现了子宫内有小小的一粒黑点,然后 Dr.H 就说:“爸爸要不要进来看一下”。老公走过来,在我身后,看着黑白银幕里的宝宝 (其实我知道他看不懂),接着我很紧张的问 Dr. H有心跳吗?她播放心跳的声音给我们听,她说:“有心跳呀,而且很好。Eh….我是不是放两颗呀?好像有两个胚胎哦,两个都有心跳,周数也差不多”。当下她移过去看到第二个胚胎的时候,我眼眶泛泪,内心激动不已,很想跳起来抱着她 (反而不是自己的老公),但是因为 social distancing 的问题,加上她是全副武装的穿着PPE,我也只好掩饰内心的激动和兴奋。

My rainbow babies

MY THOUGHT

为了结束这个冗长的文章,我想只有亲生经历过这一切的姐妹们才能真正的体会到,我们到底经历了些什么。相比之下,我的个人经历和故事并没有其他姐妹们来的坎坷。在 infertility 这个圈子,我属于 secondary infertility (续发性不孕症) 。

通常不孕症又可分为原发性不孕症 (primary infertility)和继发性不孕症(secondary infertility)。所谓原发性不孕症就是指从来没有怀孕过的病人,称为原发性不孕症;而继发性不孕症就是指过去曾经怀孕过,但是结果是流产,子宫外孕、死胎、死产,或是正常生产之后,而再也没有怀孕的病人,都称为继发性不孕症。

踏入这个圈子后,我才发现好多姐妹们都比我坚强,勇敢和更加努力,有些经历了7-8次的IVF 疗程,2-3次的流产事故,花了大笔的积蓄只为了生下一个健康的宝宝。

我十分可以理解不易受孕的女性往往为生育问题而整日忧心忡忡,心情随着每月的月经来潮而跌入低谷,看到别人或亲友怀孕,享受当妈妈的甜蜜滋味,有些还说是意外怀孕的,自己就会莫名奇妙的变得很沮丧,甚至开始埋怨自己的肚皮不争气。长期累计的压力很容易造成忧郁症,忧虑过多,反而降低受孕几率。如果身边的人对你心理和情绪上造成了极大的压力和反感,那么请暂时远离他们吧!

如果你看到这里,我也谢谢你的耐心,希望你对 “生殖医学” “不孕不育” ”试管宝宝” “人工受孕” 这些字眼不要有太多的避讳。如果你是家婆,岳母,七大姑八大姨,或是同事,闺蜜,千万千万不要追问身边已婚女性 “什么时候要生?” ,“什么时候要生二胎/三胎/收工?”,也不要给一堆不正确的助孕资讯,推销一些不需要又昂贵的保健品。如果一对夫妻在无避孕的情况下已经尝试12个月或更长的时间,我强烈建议你们尽早咨询妇科或助孕科进行生育评估检验,一定要相信科学,相信你的医生。

最后,姐妹们,如果你有任何关于不孕症饮食,试管婴儿,流产,怀孕,孕期保健品等问题,请留言。 在接下来的一段时间内,我将做更多的这些帖子和更新,因此请务必继续关注我的文章。

Have you or someone you known struggled with miscarriage or infertility? Let’s keep the comments respectful and support one another here!

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Caffeine and Pregnancy

We want to do what’s best for our growing baby inside of us. Once we get that positive pregnancy result, we clean up every bit of our lives to be sure our babies have the healthiest start possible. And so many of us wonder: is it safe to drink coffee while pregnant?

I’m not a coffee drinker, but I’ve seen the love, devotion, and urgency many mamas have around their morning Joe. We can give up a lot when we’re pregnant, but please don’t touch our caffeine!

Caffeine is a drug and it will cross the placenta. It can limit blood flow to the placenta, as well as increase blood pressure and blood sugar levels. It also puts additional strain on the liver, which is already busy processing the increased hormonal demands related to pregnancy.

Caffeine should be limited since some studies have linked high intake of caffeine may be associated with growth restriction, reduced birth weight, preterm birth or stillbirth.

WHO advises all women of reproductive age to consume no more than 300 milligrams of caffeine per day.

One small (8 ounce) cup of coffee has 80 to 179 milligrams; the same serving size of weakly brewed tea has 25 to 45 milligrams.

Other sources of caffeine include chocolate milk, cola drinks, and energy drinks.

WHAT ABOUT HERBAL TEA?

Be careful if you’re planning to switch from coffee to herbal tea. Not all herbal teas are safe during pregnancy.

In general, tea with Ginger, Orange Peel, Red Raspberry Leaf, Peppermint Leaf and Rose Hip are considered safe during pregnancy, if taken in moderation (no more than 2 to 3 cups per day).

NOTE: Pregnant women should ask their physician before consuming any natural/complementary health product or herbal therapy.

Are you pregnant? Not sure what to eat or drink? You want to learn more about healthy eating during pregnancy? Contact Me , I can help you meet the nutrition needs of both you and your growing baby. 

solve-biggest-problem-pregnancy-weight-gain-photo

How to Solve the Biggest Problem During Pregnancy: Weight Gain

Weight gain during pregnancy is a hot topic and commonly discussed in parenting or women’s health magazines. Most women who are planning to conceive or pregnant are unsure as to how much weight they should safely gain during this period. Today, I am going to give you some nutrition tips and guidance to reduce your stress.

Weight gain is an important part of pregnancy. The recommended amount of weight gain during pregnancy depends on your Body Mass Index (BMI) before pregnancy. Knowing the range of weight gain that’s right for you will help you gain enough weight without gaining too much.

You can find out your pre-pregnancy BMI by:

  • Using an online calculator
  • Using the following formula: BMI = weight (kg) / height (m2)
  • Talking to your healthcare provider or Dietitian

The table below will help you find out how much weight gain will be healthy for you and your baby.

If you were overweight, you need to gain less weight. If you were underweight or you are having twins or triplets, you need to gain more weight. Talk to your doctor, dietitian or nurse about the right weight gain for you.

WHERE IS THE WEIGHT GOING? 

Most women need to gain about 11.5 – 16 kg in pregnancy. It’s common to gain very little weight in the first trimester. In second and third trimesters a gradual increase of about 0.5 kg a week is normal since the baby and supporting tissues continue to grow.

IF YOU GAIN TOO MUCH WEIGHT 

Women who gain too much weight tend to have:

  • More difficulty giving birth
  • Babies who are born large for their age or who have a high birth weight (more than 4.1 kg)
  • Babies who have problems with being overweight or obese later in childhood
  • More troubles losing weight after pregnancy
  • Increased risk of high blood sugar and high blood pressure during pregnancy

IF YOU GAIN TOO LITTLE WEIGHT 

Women who don’t gain enough weight tend to have:

  • Babies who are born early
  • Babies who are born small for their age or who have a low birth weight (less than 2.5 kg)

HEALTHY EATING TIPS DURING PREGNANCY

Consuming a well balanced and varied diet will help ensure you consume food sources of folic acid, iron and calcium, which are especially important nutrient during pregnancy.

Eat “twice as healthy”, not “twice as much”

  • Eating every 2-4 hours while awake gives your growing baby a steady supply of nutrients. It may also help you feel better if you’re having trouble with nausea.
  • Avoid skipping meal. Skipping meals makes it hard for you and your baby to get all of the nutrients you both need.
  • Take a prenatal multivitamin every day.
  • Avoid foods which may be contaminated by bacteria.
  • Aim for 3 meals a day with healthy snacks in between.
  • First trimester: No extra calories. Normal healthy eating.
  • Second trimester: About 350 extra calories per day.
  • Third trimester: About 450 extra calories per day.
  • Breastfeeding: 350-400 extra calories per day.

Here are some examples of snacks that contain about 350 kcal:

  • Yogurt parfait – 3/4 cup yogurt, 1/2 cup berries, 1/2 cup granola

 

Here are some example of snacks that contain about 450 kcal:

  • 1 slice of whole wheat toast with 1 tbsp of natural peanut butter,  1 banana and 1 cup of milk

It is not recommended to lose weight or follow a weight loss diet during pregnancy.

BOTTOM LINE

Eating a healthy diet and staying active when pregnant ensures you and your baby receive the nutrients you need while maintaining healthy weight gain. If you look and feel healthy, just give yourself a break. One of the joys of pregnancy is be able to unbeaten those jeans and glory in the elastic waistband. There is no point in sucking in your stomach, or squeezing into a cocktail dress, or trying to look good in a bathing suit. You’ve got a bump, and that’s just how it is.

So, You’re having a baby? Contact Me, I can help you meet the nutrition needs of both you and your growing baby. 

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Things You Should Know about Gestational Diabetes (妊娠期糖尿病)

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM 妊娠期糖尿病) is when you have high blood sugar during pregnancy. It means you are not able to make enough of a hormone called insulin (胰岛素). Insulin is made in your pancreases (胰腺), an organ located behind your stomach. Without enough insulin, your body can not properly use and store carbohydrate (碳水化合物 or sugar) from foods that you eat.

During pregnancy, your body makes more hormones and goes through other changes, such as weight gain. These changes cause your body’s cells to use insulin less effectively, a condition called Insulin Resistance. Insulin Resistance increases your body’s need for insulin. If your pancreases can’t make enough insulin, you will have gestational diabetes.

All pregnant women have some insulin resistance during late pregnancy. However, some women have insulin resistance even before they get pregnant, usually because they are overweight. These women start pregnancy with an increased need for insulin and are more likely to have gestational diabetes.

RISK FACTORS FOR GDM 

You are more likely to have GDM if you have one or more of the risk factors below:

  • Age over 35 years
  • Previous pregnancy with GDM
  • Previously delivery of large baby over 4 kg or 9 lbs
  • Someone in your family with diabetes (Parent, brother, sister with Type 2 Diabetes)
  • A previous stillbirth
  • Being overweight before pregnancy or gaining too much weight during your pregnancy
  • Being from a high risk ethnic group (Aboriginal, Hispanic, South Asian, Asian or African descent)
  • More than one baby in this pregnancy (twins, triplets)
  • Have a hormonal disorder called PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)

HOW WILL GDM AFFECT MY BABY? 

If you have high blood glucose levels because your GDM is not under control, your baby will also have high blood glucose. Your baby’s pancreases will have to make extra insulin to control the high blood glucose. The extra glucose in your baby’s blood is stored as fat.

Untreated or uncontrolled GDM can cause problems for your baby, such as

  • Being born with a larger than normal body (a condition called macrosomia), which can make delivery difficult and more dangerous for your baby
  • Having low blood glucose (called hypoglycemia), right after birth
  • Having breathing problems (called respiratory distress syndrome)
  • Having a higher chance of dying before or soon after birth
  • Your baby will be more likely to become overweight and develop Type II Diabetes as he or she grows up

HOW WILL GDM AFFECT ME? 

GDM may increase your chances of:

  • Having high blood pressure and too much protein in the urine (a condition called preeclampsia
  • Have C-section due to large baby
  • May have gestational diabetes in your next pregnancy
  • Higher risk of having Type II Diabetes later in your life

Finding out that you have Gestational Diabetes can be scary. As a mother-to-be, following your management plan will help make sure you have a healthy pregnancy.

HOW IS GDM DIAGNOSED? 

Screening for GDM

Most pregnant women are screened between the 24th to 28th week of pregnancy. If you are at a high risk of GDM your doctor may screen earlier than 24 weeks, and again later if that test is negative.

Tests for GDM

At least one of the following tests are done to determine if you have gestational diabetes:

a) Screening test for GDM: is a 1 hour blood sugar measurement following a 50 gram carbohydrate drink, given at any time of day.

  1. If your blood sugar is less than 7.8 mmol/L, you DO NOT have GDM and no further testing is required.
  2. If your blood sugar is over 11.1 mmol/L, GDM is diagnosed and you will need treatment.
  3. If your blood sugar is 7.8-11 mmol/L, your MAY have GDM. Your will need a 75 gram Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT 75 g) to diagnose GDM.

b) 75 gram OGTT: measures fasting blood sugar after nothing to eat for 10 hour. Blood sugar is tested again 1 and 2 hours after you have been given a 75 gram carbohydrate drink. There are 2 possible results:

  1. You have GDM is two or more values below are met or exceeded
  2. You have Impaired Glucose Tolerance if one value below is met or exceeded.
  • Fasting blood sugar over 5.3 mmol/L
  • 1 hour blood sugar over 10.6 mmol/L
  • 2 hour blood sugar over 9 mmol/L

If you are diagnosed with either or these conditions you will need a management plan to help you have a healthy pregnancy.

MANAGEMENT PLAN 

Blood Sugar Target

You will be meeting with your team of dietitians, nurses, and doctor to discuss your management plan. You blood sugar targets are:

  • Fasting blood sugar (before breakfast): less than 5.3 mmol/L
  • 1 hour after meals: less than 7.8 mmol/L
  • 2 hour after meals: less than 6.7 mmol/L

Nutrition Management 

  1. Eat 3 meals and 3 snacks every day
  2. Spread carbohydrates over the day
  3. Limit sweet foods and drinks with added sugar
  4. Choose higher fibre foods more often
  5. Eat foods higher in protein at each meal and evening snack
  6. Get enough Calcium and Vitamin D from the foods and drinks you have every day
  7. Take multivitamin pill every day
  8. You can use sugar substitutes and foods with sugar substitutes in small amounts

Lifestyle Management 

  1. Gain a healthy amount of weight
  2. Be active every day

Are you having trouble to keep your blood sugar down during pregnancy? Contact Me, I can help you meet your blood sugar goal. 

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How to Choose a Prenatal Multivitamin?

Thinking about getting pregnant? Since many pregnancies are not planned, all women who could become pregnant should take a daily prenatal multivitamin.

It is recommended to start taking your supplement at least 3 months before you get pregnant.

Your nutrient requirements are much higher during pregnancy, it is important that you start taking a prenatal multivitamin before you become pregnant to fill any nutritional gaps. You may say “I eat very healthy and balanced”, however, it’s impossible to meet all of your requirements with food alone. This doesn’t mean that you have to spend a lot of money on buying branded supplements from the health food store .

In fact, I often recommend generic brands from local pharmacies or supermarkets as long as the supplement is government regulated and it contains what it says it contains. So I will give you some tips and what to look for when buying a prenatal multivitamin.

FOLIC ACID 

Folic acid is super important to help prevent Neural Tube Defects (e.g., spinal bifida – when nerves in the spinal cord are exposed and damaged) in your baby. Choose a prenatal multivitamin that has 0.4-1.0 mg (400-1000 mcg) of folic acid.

Food High in Folic Acid: whole grain breads, leafy green vegetables, legumes (beans and lentils), citrus fruits and juices and most cereals (fortified with folic acid).

IRON

Your iron requirements increase during pregnancy. Your body makes an extra 2kg of blood during pregnancy. In your third trimester of pregnancy, your baby is building iron stores for the first six months of his or her life. Therefore, you need more iron to make the extra blood and to help your baby store enough iron.

When you’re pregnant, it is very difficult to get the amount of iron you need just from diet alone, so choose foods high in iron and take a prenatal multivitamin containing iron (16-20 mg). Your body absorbs iron from meat, poultry, and fish better than iron in other foods. To increase iron absorption, eat a food containing Vitamin C (e.g., strawberries or oranges) and food containing iron at the same time. For example, have vegetables with meat (e.g., chicken stir-fry) or have an orange with a bowl of oatmeal. Coffee and tea can interfere with iron absorption. Limit these drinks and have them between meals rather than at meals.

Best Sources of Iron: beef, pork, chicken, lamb, fish, sardines, shrimp, oysters, mussels.

Good Sources of Iron: legumes (lentils, beans, chickpeas), tofu, whole grain and enriched cereals.

Anemia during pregnancy has been linked to decreased weight gain, preterm birth and babies with a low birth weight. If you become anemic during pregnancy (which is very common), your doctor or dietitian may recommend an additional iron supplement. Iron supplements can make you constipated, so be sure to increase your intake of fibre and fluids.

CALCIUM

Your calcium needs are very high during pregnancy. Calcium helps keep your bones strong. It also helps your muscles and nerves to work properly and helps your blood to clot. During pregnancy, calcium helps your baby build strong bones and teeth.

Most prenatal multivitamins contain about 300 mg of calcium. A prenatal multivitamin will not support all of your calcium needs, so it is important that you’re including calcium rich foods in your diet.

Food High in Calcium: milk, yogurt, calcium-fortified beverages such as soy, rice or orange juice.

Other Food Sources of Calcium: cheese, canned salmon or sardines with bones, tofu made with calcium.

VITAMIN D

Vitamin D is important in pregnancy. It helps keep your bones strong and builds strong bones in your baby (enhance calcium absorption). It also helps your baby build vitamin D stores to use during his or her first few months.

If you have a dark skin, cover most of your skin with clothing or sunscreen, don’t go outside very often or don’t eat very many vitamin D rich foods (see below) you may need to take extra vitamin D supplement.

Food High in Vitamin D: milk, fortified soy beverages, fish such as salmon, trout, herring, Atlantic mackerel, sardines, and Vitamin D fortified orange juice.

Not all milk products are high in vitamin D. In Canada, milk, margarine and some yogurts have vitamin D added to them. In Malaysia, please check you nutrition fact label.

VITAMIN A

Too much Vitamin A can cause birth defects in your baby. If you are taking a prenatal multivitamin (which has vitamin A included), do not take any additional vitamin A supplements. You will get enough Vitamin A from a combination of your food (e.g., carrots, broccoli and squash) and your prenatal multivitamin.

BOTTOM LINE

Healthy eating and taking a prenatal multivitamin helps you prepare a healthy pregnancy. Do not take more than 1 daily dose of a prenatal multivitamin. Supplement do not take the place of food and healthy eating. If you are vegan, on a restricted diet, food allergies or you avoid certain foods, you may be missing important nutrients you and your baby need. Talk to you doctor or dietitian.

So, You’re having a baby? Contact Me, I can help you meet the nutrition needs of both you and your growing baby. 

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Foods to Avoid During Pregnancy

A healthy, well-balanced diet is important during pregnancy. Most fresh foods are completely safe for pregnant women, however, some foods should be avoided during pregnancy or if you’re trying to conceive, because most pregnancies are unplanned. I’ve compiled a list of foods to avoid during pregnancy to serve as a quick guide.

WHY WE SHOULD AVOID THESE FOODS DURING PREGNANCY? 

Food may carry germs that can make you sick. Your ability to fight off infections is decreased when you’re pregnant. Food poisoning (Food-Borne Illness) can also affect your unborn baby, such as listeriosis (李斯特菌病), salmonellosis (沙门氏菌病), toxoplasmosis (弓形虫病), campylobacteriosis (弯曲杆菌病). Handling, preparing and storing food properly can reduce the chance of getting sick from food poisoning.

Pregnant women are 10 times more likely than other people to get Listeria infection. Listeria infection can cause miscarriage, stillbirths, and preterm labor (here).  

Raw or Undercooked Meat

Raw or Undercooked Meat

All meat needs to be thoroughly cooked during pregnancy because of the risk of infection from several bacteria or parasites, including, Salmonella (沙门氏菌), E.Coli  (大肠杆菌), Listeria (李斯特菌) and Toxoplasma (弓形虫).

Try to cook meat, poultry and fish to a safe internal temperature and avoid contamination through cutting boards and cooking utensils as well.

  • ground beef 71°C (160°F )
  • poultry 74°C (165°F)
  • Fish 70°C (158°F)

Raw or Undercooked Seafood and Raw Shellfish

Raw or Undercooked Seafood and Shellfish 

Raw or undercooked fish (including sushi, sashimi), especially raw shellfish (raw oysters, mussels and clams), should be avoided during pregnancy because of potentially harmful bacteria (Listeria) and parasites.

Smoked seafoods are safe to eat when they are an ingredient in a cooked meal such as casserole (as it reaches an internal temperature of 74°C (165°F) to kill harmful germs). So, it is safe to eat smoked seafood during pregnancy if it is canned, shelf-stable or an ingredient in a casserole or other cooked dish.

A cooked sushi is fine.

Deli Meats and Hotdogs

Deli Meats and Hotdogs

It’s advised to avoid all deli meats and hotdogs, if possible, due to potentially contaminate with Listeria. This bacteria can be killed through heat, so if you still want to eat deli meat during pregnancy, be sure to heat the meat until it’s steaming hot, at least 74°C (165°F).

The middle of the hot dog should be steaming hot or 74°C.

Another reason to avoid these foods is the effects of nitrites on a developing fetus are still unknown (deli meats and hotdogs often contain these ingredients).

Raw or Undercooked Eggs

Raw or Undercooked Eggs

Eating raw or undercooked eggs can put pregnant women at an increased risk of Salmonella poisoning. Make sure both the yolk and white are cooked through. Certain sauces, spreads and drinks such as homemade Caesar salad dressing, hollandaise sauce, homemade mayonnaise, unpasteurized eggnog, Tiramisu,  custards and homemade ice cream may contain raw eggs.

It is recommended the use of pasteurized egg products when a recipe calls for raw eggs. 

Unpasteurized Dairy Products and Juices

Unpasteurized Dairy Products and Juices

Raw (unpasteurized) milk is milk from any animal (goat, cow, etc) and has not been pasteurized to kill harmful bacteria. Raw milk may contain bacteria such as Campylobacter, E.coli, Listeria, Salmonella, or Toxoplasma. To avoid getting these food borne illnesses, only consume pasteurized milk.

Avoid unpasteurized soft semi-soft, blue-veined cheese such as Feta, Brie, Camembert, havarti, Queso blanco, Queso fresco and Panela unless they’re made with pasteurized milk. These cheese made with unpasteurized milk may contain Campylobacter and Listeria. It is important to read labels carefully, to make sure that the milk being used in these products has been pasteurized. Instead of eating soft cheese, eat hard cheese such as Parmesan, cheddar or Swiss.

Homemade ice cream are made with an egg-based custard that isn’t completely cooked. If you are using pasteurized eggs are okay. Commercially manufactured ice cream is typically fine.

Also, avoid unpasteurized juices such as unpasteurized apple cider. Double check fresh pressed juice and cold pressed juice to be sure. Home-squeezed juices are safe if the vegetables and fruits are washed in cold, running water. I’m a bigger fan of smoothie during pregnancy because you can pack so much more nutrition into them, and you can get the fibre part of the fruits and veggies, not just the juice.

If the cheese is coming in from another country, it may not be pasteurized. 

Low Mercury Fish

High Mercury Fish

Fish offers many health benefits to both pregnant mothers and their unborn babies. Fish is a good source of protein and healthy fats that help the development of your baby’s brain and eyes.

Eat at least 2 servings of fish per week. 

Mercury is toxic to a developing fetus and can linger in a woman’s blood stream for over a year.

Check out FDA Chart

High Mercury Fish:

  • swordfish (旗鱼)
  • tilefish (方头鱼)
  • king mackerel (鲭鱼)
  • shark (鲨鱼)
  • marlin (马林鱼)
  • orange roughy
  • canned white tuna (Albacore) (大眼金枪鱼)

Low Mercury Fish:

  • salmon (三文鱼)
  • trout
  • herring (鲱鱼)
  • sardines (沙丁鱼)
  • pollock (Boston bluefish)
  • sole (鳎目鱼)
  • flounder
  • anchovy (凤尾鱼)
  • char
  • hake
  • mullet
  • smelt
  • Atlantic mackerel (大西洋马鲛鱼)
  • cod
  • catfish
  • tuna (light canned)/skipjack tuna (罐装金枪鱼)

Raw Sprouts 

Raw sprouts including alfalfa, clover, radish or mung bean sprouts may be contaminated with Salmonella or E.coli. According to FDA, cook sprouts thoroughly can kill harmful bacteria and reduce the risk of illness.

Unwashed Vegetables and Fruit

Unwashed Vegetables and Fruit 

It’s important to make sure that your vegetables are thoroughly washed to avoid any risk of Toxoplasmosis, because the soil in which vegetables are grown may be contaminated with E.coli or Salmonella.

Eat at least 4-5 servings of vegetables per day and 2-3 servings of fruit per day while pregnant (as well as when you aren’t pregnant). Keep cut vegetables and fruit in the fridge.

Flax Seeds and Flaxseed Oil

Flax seed may adversely affect pregnancy due to its mild extrogenic effects but there is insufficient reliable clinical evidence about the effects of flax seed on pregnancy outcomes (here). There is some evidence about the flaxseed oil is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. Due to the insufficient evidence, flax seed should be avoided in very large quantities and flaxseed oil should be completely avoided during pregnancy, but it is still safe to consume flax seed in the amounts commonly found in foods, such as flax seed bread.

Artificial Sweeteners 

Artificial sweeteners are ingredients that add sweetness to foods. Sweeteners are ingredients in soft drinks, desserts, candies, and pastries. Moderate use of artificial sweeteners during pregnancy is considered safe. It is recommended that pregnant women avoid excessive consumption of products containing artificial sweeteners as such food could replace nutrient dense, energy-yielding foods. So far, Saccharin (Hermesetas®) and Cylamate (Sugar Twin®, Sweet N’Low®) are not safe to use during pregnancy (here).

Pregnancy and Liver

Liver

Liver is rich source of iron. However, it contains a high level of Vitamin A. Large amounts of Vitamin A can be harmful to the baby (here).

Limit liver to 75g (2.5 oz) every two weeks. 

Pregnancy and Alcohol

Alcohol

Drinking alcohol can be harmful to the baby. No one knows what level of alcohol is safe for an unborn baby.

While you’re pregnant, or thinking about becoming pregnant, it’s safest not to drink any alcohol. 

Alcohol is passed from the mom through the placenta to the growing baby. Baby’s liver is not capable of breaking down alcohol, increasing the risk of miscarriage, preterm labor, low birth weight, and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) that can lead to growth problems, development delays, learning disabilities, and deformed facial features.

Alcohol used in cooking, such as Chinese rice wine, may be safe to consume if the food has been simmered or baked for at least an hour.

Caffeine

Caffeine has been associated with miscarriage, especially during the first trimester. However, small amounts of caffeine during pregnancy are fine for most people.

Limit your caffeine intake to about 300 mg per day or less (no more than 500 mL or 2 cups).

High caffeine intake during pregnancy has been shown to increase the risk of low birth weight and impaired fetal growth. Caffeine is also found in tea (green and black teas contain about 30-50 mg per 250 mL or 1 cup), cola (23-40 mg per 250 mL or 1 cup), and chocolate (3-50 mg per 1 bar).

Herbal Teas 

You may be thinking you should switch to herbal tea if you’re trying to cut back on caffeine, but that may not necessarily be your best pregnancy drink. Herbal teas can be made with fresh or dried flowers, leaves, seeds and/or roots.

Even though tea is all “natural”, the research on herbal tea is sparse and in some cases, there is concern that if consumed in excess, it could be problematic for a wide range of reasons. Some herbal products may stimulate uterine contractions, or increase the risk of birth defects. Again, it’s likely just a concern if you’re drinking large amounts daily, but always speak to your doctor first before making anything a regular part of your routine. (here, here).

BOTTOM LINE

Although there are foods to limit or avoid during pregnancy, the most important consideration is providing a nutritious prenatal diet.

Information adapted from Food Safety for Pregnant Women

Did you know that I provide one-on-one nutrition counselling services? If this is something you’d like to learn more about, check out my service.